Reopened in 2015 after a three-year closure (due to earthquake damage), this delightful gallery features the Este family’s collection of northern Italian paintings from late medieval times to the 18th century. There are also some fine Flemish works and a canvas or two by Velázquez, Correggio and El Greco. Downstairs, the Biblioteca Estense holds one of Italy's most valuable collections of books, letters and manuscripts, including the celebrated Bibbia di Borso d'Este , a masterpiece of medieval illustration.