Run by the University of Amsterdam, this museum boasts one of the world's richest archaeological collections. You'll find an actual mummy, vases from ancient Greece and Mesopotamia, a very cool wagon from the royal tombs at Salamis (Cyprus) and galleries full of other items providing insight into daily life in ancient times.
Each section is explained in a detailed overview via English signage, although most individual items are labelled in Dutch only. It may not be in the same league as the British Museum or the Louvre, but the manageable scale of this museum makes it far more accessible.