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Museum of Struggle & Martyrdom
In a peaceful clearing, hidden in a Mazovian pine forest, stands a granite monolith; around it is a field of 17,000 jagged, upright stones, many engraved with the name of a town or village. Beneath the grass, mingled with the sand, lie the ashes of some 800,000 human beings. Trebli
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Wolfs Lair
Hidden in thick forest near the hamlet of Gierłoż, 8km east of Kętrzyn, is one of Poland’s eeriest historical relics – 18 overgrown hectares of huge, partly destroyed concrete bunkers. This was Hitler’s main headquarters during WWII, baptised with the German name of Wolfsschanze, o
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Auschwitz
Auschwitz-Birkenau is synonymous with genocide and the Holocaust. More than a million Jews, and many Poles and Roma, were murdered here by the German occupiers during WWII. Both sections of the camp, base camp Auschwitz I and a much larger outlying camp at Birkenau (Auschwitz II),
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Malbork Castle
Malbork’s blockbuster attraction is its show-stoppingly massive castle that sits on the banks of the sluggish Nogat River, an eastern arm of the Vistula. The Marienburg (Fortress of Mary) was built by the Teutonic Knights and was the headquarters of the order for almost 150 years.
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Pharmacy Under the Eagle
On the south side of Plac Bohaterów Getta is this museum in a former pharmacy, which was run by the non-Jew Tadeusz Pankiewicz during the Nazi occupation. The interior has been restored to its wartime appearance and tells the story of the ghetto and the role of the pharmacy in its
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Palm House
A short walk from the main train station along ul Głogowska, Park Wilsona contains one of the biggest greenhouses in Europe. Constructed in 1910, it houses thousands of species of tropical and subtropical plants, including the continent’s largest cactus collection and its tallest b
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Hansel & Gretel
Set in the northwestern corner of the Rynek are two charming houses named after Jaś i Małgosia, who English and German speakers know better as Hansel and Gretel. They’re linked by a Baroque archway from 1728, which once led to the church cemetery (the inscription in Latin reads ‘De
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University of Wrocław
The main edifice of the University of Wrocław was built between 1728 and 1742. Enter through the grand blue and gold Rococo gate at the western end to start exploring. The university sits within the university quarter, which occupies the northernmost part of the Old Town, between t
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Parish Church
Just off the Rynek, this massive, Gothic church was commissioned by the Teutonic Knights in the late 13th century. The magnificent interior is crammed with ornate Baroque and Rococo furnishings, and also holds some supposed relics of St Valentine, patron saint of lovers, locked wit
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Piast Tower
The only vestige of the castle that once housed Opoles dukes is this 33m-tall sturdy watchtower, with walls 3m thick and foundations 6m deep. Built in the 14th century, the castle was pulled down in the 1920s to make room for office buildings. You can climb the 163 steps to the top
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Chapel of Skulls
You can’t miss this macabre chapel in the Church of St Bartholomew’s grounds at Czermna, 1km north of Kudowa’s town centre. The length of its walls and ceiling are covered with human skulls and bones – about 3000 of them, with another 20,000 to 30,000 filling the crypt below . The
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Museum of the Origins of the Polish State
On the far side of Lake Jelonek, this museum illustrates Gnieznos pivotal role in Polish history. The permanent collection contains archaeological finds and works of art related to the development of the Polish nation, from pre-Slavic times to the end of the Piast dynasty. The muse
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Old Town Square
At the centre of the partially walled Old Town (Stare Miasto), the Old Town Square is, for those with an eye for historic buildings, the loveliest square in Warsaw. It’s lined with tall houses exhibiting a fine blend of Renaissance, Baroque, Gothic and neoclassical elements; aside
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Basilica of St Francis
Duck into the dark basilica on a sunny day to admire the artistry of Stanisław Wyspiański, who designed the fantastic Art Nouveau stained-glass windows. The multicoloured deity in the chancel above the organ loft is a masterpiece. From the transept, you can also enter the Gothic cl
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Church of St Mary Magdalene
One block east of the Rynek is this mighty Gothic redbrick building dating from the 14th century. Its showpiece is a copy of a Romanesque portal from around 1280 on the south wall, which originally adorned the Benedictine Abbey in Ołbin, but was moved here in 1546 after the abbey w
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Monument to the Victims of June 1956
On Plac Mickiewicza you’ll find one of Poznańs most significant memorials, which commemorates the ill-fated workers protest of 1956 . The monument, consisting of two 20m-tall crosses bound together, was unveiled on 28 June 1981, the 25th anniversary of the strike, at a ceremony att
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Chopin Museum
High-tech, multimedia museum within the Baroque Ostrogski Palace, showcasing the work of the country’s most famous composer. You’re encouraged to take your time through four floors of displays, including stopping by the listening booths in the basement where you can browse Chopin’s
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Neon Museum
Situated within the cool Soho Factory complex of old industrial buildings housing designers and artists, this museum is devoted to the preservation of the iconic neon signs of the communist era. The collection is arrayed within a historic factory, with many large pieces fully lit.
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Lady with an Ermine
Leonardo da Vincis masterpiece, The Lady with an Ermine , is on display here at Wawel Castle for the foreseeable future as the paintings permanent home, the Czartoryski Museum, is undergoing a multiyear renovation. Along with the Mona Lisa , the Lady is one of a handful of da Vinci
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Centre of Glass Heritage
Krosnos newest attraction is this exhibition centre that highlights the towns important role as Polands glass-working capital. The family-friendly attraction, signposted in English, tells the story of a century of glass-making in Krosno. Visitors are invited to try a bit of glass-f
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