The thrill of seeing an animal, however fleetingly, in its natural habitat has turned wildlife tourism into a multi-billion dollar division of the travel industry.
You don’t need to pay big bucks for Big Five bingo in Africa to partake, though, nor set off on an extreme quest to, say, the far-flung frontiers of Russia in search of a spoon-billed sandpiper, or the misty lowlands of Ecuador on the trail of the stubfoot toad.
The natural world is full of wonders, wherever you travel – you just need to know what to look for. Follow these tips to increase your chances of spotting something every time.
This is the most important rule of all. It’s easy to have a negative impact on animals and the environment if you approach the task in a thoughtless manner. But you can enjoy an encounter in the wild in an ethical way by following a few simple rules on every trip, including:
A little knowledge goes a long way. It’s not just about deepening your appreciation of what you might see (although that is a worthy goal); insight into the lives of animals gives you a basis for making smart decisions that could prove the difference between a sighting and a no-show.
Before you set foot outside, read up on your subject – learn about animals’ habitats and habits; where they sleep, feed and breed; how the seasons affect their behaviour, and how they interact with other species. This information is enriching in itself, but it is also of practical use when you’re searching for an elusive creature.
If you want to go deeper, learn to recognise the clues animals leave behind. Many large mammals, for instance, clear pathways through undergrowth over time, while other animals leave more subtle signs of their presence on the ground, on or near trees, or by the water’s edge.
Tracking animals is an arcane branch of knowledge unto itself; you don’t need to be able to name a species from a glance at its scat (droppings), but a basic grasp of how to interpret marks left in mud, sand or snow can also inform your search.
Bad news, lazybones: many animals observe antisocial hours. Most humans are woefully out of sync with the rhythm of the natural world, where activity levels peak at dawn and dusk. To give yourself the best chance of seeing something, rise before the sun, and linger awhile as the light leaches from the evening sky.
One creature you might well see abroad at these bleary-eyed, yawn-inducing times of the day is the photographer, a species tempted into the open by the soft light of the ‘blue’ and ‘golden’ hours either side of sunrise and sunset. So this is a great time for taking pictures of wildlife as well as spotting it.
Places where one form of habitat or terrain transitions into another are always a good bet for a stakeout – riverbanks, estuaries and shorelines are prime examples of this, but there are other borderlands where animals reliably appear: the point where a meadow meets woodland, for instance, offers food and shelter.
Leave that Hawaiian shirt on the hanger – you won’t be needing it. Even at their most discreet, humans are large, loud, smelly creatures; don’t compound the problem with a wardrobe that makes you as conspicuous as a flamingo on a salt flat.
Animals sense your presence long before you’ve settled down for a vigil, but a sober choice of clothing still helps to lessen your impact. Go for muted black, brown, green or grey clothes that blend into the background as appropriate, and avoid garments that make a noise – now is not the time to unpeel umpteen strips of Velcro.
Choice of position is important if you’re trying to lie low. Look for somewhere downwind of the area you’re observing that offers a degree of camouflage – ideally, inside a proper hide, but otherwise concealed by shrubbery, behind a stand of trees, or another obstacle that shields you from the animals’ direct line of sight.
Animals possess the sort of superpowers that would make Batman blush. Some species can hear a proverbial pin drop; others can see tiny objects from miles away; still more can detect the faintest whiff drifting on the breeze.
From high up in a tree, an owl can hear a mouse scurrying through leaf litter; an eagle can spot a hare's ears twitch from a mile away; a bear can sniff out a source of food from even further away that that. All of which means that a clued-up spotter stays as silent and still as a statue – if not to evade detection altogether (that’s unlikely), then to avoid spooking the object of their attention. Getting peckish while you wait for something to happen? Tempted to rip open that pungent bag of cheese and onion crisps? Don’t. Put your mobile phone on silent, too.
When you need to move, do so slowly, steadily and stealthily. Crouch down to shrink your profile, stay behind cover if possible, and pay particular attention to where you’re putting your feet – it’s easy to trip if you’re moving through tangled undergrowth in murky conditions, but face-planting with a painful crash into the nearest thorn tree is bad for all concerned.
A good pair of binoculars is a must for the wildlife watcher. Not only do they deliver a close-up of an animal that might otherwise be a mere speck, but they also allow the observer to keep a respectful distance from the quarry, leaving it undisturbed.
How powerful do they need to be? It depends on the circumstances, but lower magnifications such as 7x or 8x are small and light (and therefore easier to hold), give a brighter image in the half light of dawn and dusk, and have a wide field of view.
Provided you don't mind lugging it around, a spotting scope is a step up in performance. These small portable telescopes offer more magnification than binoculars and attach to a digital camera via an adapter – a technique called digiscoping.
Wildlife photography is a specialist subject in its own right, but the rules of spotting – right attitude, right time, right place – apply equally to the quest for the perfect shot.
