There are several trails leading to the summit of Mt. Fuji, but the most popular is the Yoshida Trail, which runs from the Fujiyoshida Shrine at the base to the very top of the mountain. Most people start the hike from the 5th station, which is at about the halfway point. It is also a popular spot for visitors who do not plan to climb, as there are beautiful views of Mt. Fuji and also the surrounding area. The station is 2,300 meters (7,868 feet) above sea level.
The 5th station is a full-service rest stop, with huge parking areas, restaurants, souvenir shops, and stores packed with equipment for the climber, such as hiking poles, oxygen canisters, and water. There are also coin lockers for possessions you do not want to carry up the mountain. From this point, it is about 5 to 7 hours to the summit, and most climbers begin in the evening to view the sunrise from the peak. Due to snow, the Yoshida Trail is only in July and August, but the 5th station is open year round for visitors to enjoy the view. No cars are permitted above this point.
Traffic can become very congested, so it is advisable to go on a weekday rather than weekend or holiday. From Tokyo, it is recommended to take the shinkansen from Shinjuku Station to Kawaguchiko. From Kawaguchiko Station, take a bus to Fuji Subaru. The total travel time is about 3 and a half hours. For more information in English: http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e6922.html
JTB Sunrise Tours also offers some great tours that include Mt. Fuji, they can be a good alternative to planning if you want a more guided trip.
photos by: BONGURI & jetalone, sorarium